Thursday, February 28, 2013

Utilizing the Groundswell from Within a Company: Final Li and Bernoff Reading Response


Since the beginning the the semester, we have focused on how companies need to utilize the groundswell and engage internet users.

We have learned numerous strategies for tapping, understanding, talking, and listening within the groundswell.

We have even seen examples of how, in the form of case studies, companies have successfully used the groundswell to increase their reach and gain new customers.

Up until now though we haven't talked about a key element to every business that could also benefit from using the groundswell: employees.

Employees are what help make a business successful, so it only makes sense that for them to have a way that they can communicate and share ideas with one another.

In chapter 11 of Groundswell, Li and Bernoff talk about the benefits of utilizing the groundswell internally.  "Throughout corporations around the world, employees are connecting on social networks, collaborating on wikis, and contributing to idea exchanges.  Some of these applications came from management and others began as skunk-work projects, but what they have in common is this: they tap the power of the groundswell of ideas among the people who know best how your business runs, your employees."

My favorite case study that Li and Bernoff talk about is Best Buy's Blue Shirt Nation (BSN).

A small portion of the members of Best Buy's Blue Shirt Nation

Blue Shirt Nation was created in 2006 by two corporate marketers, Steve Bendt and Gary Koelling, who wanted to gather customer insight on what kinds of advertising worked. Best Buy's employees are identified by their royal blue polo shirts, thus inspiring the name, Blue Shirt Nation. 
The two brains behind BSN

Steve told Li and Bernoff, "we wanted to get insight into what's really happening at the store, not just when the store is spic and span for corporate visits."  Though Steve and Gary quickly realized that an initiative such as this was not going to be successful if it was presented as some flashy corporate package; "this needed to grow organically."  They took store teams out bowling, getting feedback on what worked within the community and encouraged them to participate in BSN.  By the time it was launched, employees had already been talking about it and were eager to interact with it.



BNS was created to listen to what employees had to say.  "What Best Buy didn't anticipate was that it would not only educate management, but also enabled employees to help one another."

Fellow employees were asking each,other questions, solving seemingly mundane yet important problems- even problems that involved conversations with other companies were being solved quickly and more efficiently that emailing back and forth for information!

 BSN even accomplishes Li and Bernoff's five objectives needed for successful groundswell usage:

LISTENING- BSN was created so upper management could listen to what was happening from the employee's perspective.  What grew out of this was a way for employees to listen to each other and solve problems faster.

TALKING- Both employees and corporate can post and view what is happening in their local store as well as overall as a company.

ENERGIZING- Employees are now given the opportunity to share their positve (and of course, possibly negative) experiences as a Best Buy employee.  Positive (and negative) words are what usually spur conversation and get other to give their similar or differing experiences.

SUPPORTING- The online forum on BSN is a "natural extension of their mentoring culture, where employees can find the support they need from around the company.

EMBRACING- The BSN community acts as a way for people in all departments and facets of the organization to share ideas and brainstorm.

From this example, it looks like a network like BSN would be great for companies to utilize .. of course keeping in mind that it needs to have some sort of growth from the employees and not necessarily a push from corporate. (PULL not PUSH).

A great example I thought of while reading this chapter was Yammer. We talked about it a few weeks ago in class, but I had forgotten about it until now!

Yammer is a Microsoft owned enterprise network that facilitates exclusive conversation within a company or between organized members and pre-designated groups.  It is a brilliant example of enterprise social software... think Facebook for businesses!

Here, people are able to communicate not only internally, but also directly with other third parties who may be involved in a business decision or project!  Personally, I couldn't think of a more useful corporate tool!
An example of a Yammer profile for Four Leaf Consulting

An insightful and interesting video about Yammer and how it works well within businesses

Overall, Li and Bernoff really drive home the message at the end of the chapter to include internal groundswell usage.  By taping into what is happening within the company can only help improve what can be done to improve it's appearance to potential customers and groundswell participants.

Tuesday, February 26, 2013

Dove Men+Care ~ A close look at the male sector of the female dominated skin care brand


{Social Media Monitoring Assignment: Part One} 

When I think of the Dove skin care company, the first thing that comes to mind is WOMEN
I have been a loyal customer for the past six years and love the message their Campaign for Real Beauty gives to women, especially young girls.  To me, they are an example of a company who promotes a message that I believe in and a brand that I trust.

But that is not what I will be focusing on.

I will be exploring the facet of Dove that some people neglect (or do not know) to acknowledge: The MEN'S CARE.

As a company that has almost exclusively targeted a female audience, Dove took a risk launching the Dove Men+Care line of hair, body, and face products for men.  The ad campaign for Dove Men+Care was launched in February 2010 during the Super Bowl.  The message was plainly "You are a man who is comfortable with who you are, now you should be comfortable in your own skin."  This add had an excellent initial response and gave the Dove company a new face.

The 2010 Super Bowl Commercial that started it all

Over the past few weeks, I took an in depth look at the Dove Men+Care groundswell presence and social media marketing strategy.  Choosing Dove Men+Care as the case study in my social monitoring project will help me learn more about a part of a brand that I have come to love and trust. I will be opening the door to the marketing world and attempt to give back to the brand with the skills I have attained through amateur social media marketing experience.
This overarching social monitoring project aims to create a portfolio of the brand's character, habits and voice in the social media world as well as a personal analysis of its strengths and weaknesses.

Campaign Analysis:
The Dove Men+Care advertising campaign has seems to be focused mainly within the groundswell and on broadcast television.  The company's brand ambassadors are friendly, relatable looking men and dad, and professional athletes (in particular, football players Doug Flutie and John Ellway). By utilizing various social media monitoring sites (such as SocialMention, Addictomatic, Icerocket, Google Trends to name a few) as well as looking into their Facebook, twitter, youtube, and flickr accounts, I have been able to look at how successful the brand has been within the past few weeks.


Facebook
The cover photo seems to target loving fathers and every day men

The Dove Men+Care Facebook page is more or less a place where employees post campaign photos, share information about products, and allow for customers commentary and feedback. 

An example of one of the brand promotion photos posted on the Dove Men+Care Facebook page

Some Facebook analytics: Though the number of likes are high, the number of people talking about Dove Men+Care dropped almost 4,200 people between February 2nd-23rd.

The photos, such as this one that was posted during the Oscars, are "on brand" and usually illicit some customer/employee conversation. For the most part, this is a good tactic.  Each of the photos has generated between 5- nearly 2,000 likes, 3-80 comments, and at least 1 or more shares between January 30th- February 26th.  WOW! However, the brand may run into some problems if the posts start getting too generic.  Perhaps Dove Men+Care could hold a Facebook based contest where users create a photo caption or give their favorite "dad moment" and somehow tying the products in.
Other conversations are started around questions, complaints, or wanting coupons for certain products.  The majority of the posts that direct a question at Dove Men+Care get a response that day. Complaints are addressed in a very professional and considerate manner, and positive remarks are met with a friendly thank you post.
 Question
 Negative feedback
Positive feedback

Twitter
the @DoveMenCare twitter home

Dove Men+Care has two different twitter handles: @MadeForMen and @DoveMenCare; the latter being the more active account. On that note, the twitter manager seems to tweet daily or every other day. Though this is somewhat good because it is not bombarding users with tons of tweets, perhaps Dove Men+Care could tweet twice daily, and more often during big sporting events or shows/events that customers would likely tune into.
The majority of tweets on the homepage are short quips that users can relate to and re-tweet ("RT"). One thing that I really like about this is how Dove Men+Care attempts to strike up a conversation online by asking users to RT with an answer to a question or a quip of their own.

According to IceRocket, many of the tweets coming from users are positive.  They include promotional tweets and positive feedback about products.

Icerocket
Analytic information according to Social Bakers
  
For Dove Men+Care, Twitter acts as a way to network and post whereas Facebook acts as a way to start conversation and promote the overall brand.

Webpage


The Dove Men+Care website is a place where customers can go to watch video testimonials of the brand ambassadors, view information and pictures of products, connect to the social media accounts, formally contact Dove Men+Care, watch featured commercials, and download coupons.
Though the website is visually very attractive, there is little content for users to read.  There is no information about the mission or story behind Dove Men+Care, no brand blog for users to check out, or customer ratings of products.  In conjunction, the website has not changed at all since the beginning of February. Two suggestions for the time being would be to, at some point, start a blog and create some background information about the company.  One way people are able to connect and become customers is by being able to relate to, believe in, and/or support the brand's roots. 

YouTube and Flickr

I personally love this short video featuring one of my favorite sports to watch, Rugby. They received 250,208 views as opposed to the 2012 super bowl commercial which received 109,981 views! 

This is one of the areas where Dove Men+Care could use some TLC (Flickr more so than YouTube).  Even though each of these accounts have some pictures and video clips/commercials, there are only a few.  I will note, in regards to Flickr, the company posts plenty of daily photos on the Facebook page. Perhaps if the people working behind the Facebook account could find a way to inspire users to post their own Dove Men+Care inspired photos on the page, they could do less with the Flickr account.  Until that time comes, the Flickr account should show a little more activity from the business end. Posting more short videos and pictures and then sharing them via twitter and Facebook may generate more views through those two platforms- Especially the YouTube clips!  Videos such as the one above have generated a lot of views... now all they need is some excitement and energy to accompany it!

Analytic Information
Demographics/ Target Audience


By using the Alexa web information tool, I was able to gather some demographic data for Dove Men+Care.  The most popular customers are men between the ages of 25-44... and not too surprisingly WOMEN 65+.  To me it is not extremely shocking that women are included in the demographic for a men's skin care brand.  First and foremost, Dove is known as a women's brand so it is understandable that women would take an interest in the men's sector... especially women who have male partners, husbands, brothers, sons, or friends that they think should use the products.
From the looks of the recent ad campaign, Facebook posts, and tweets the company is trying to appeal to the severely lacking 18-55 year old males.  It will be interesting to look at this a month, or even weeks from now to see if the recent Facebook posts and YouTube clips have shifted this demographic information.

Google Trends


According to the Google Trends graph above, there has been random dips and rises over the past month; the highest interest number being 100 and the lowest being 69.



Here, we can see which places purchase Dove Men+Care products.  I looked at the change over one month and noticed that the United States, India, and Australia were consistently the countries who supported Dove Men+Care the most.

Social Mention and Addictomatic


Results for February 12,2013... they since have NOT CHANGED when I last checked this evening!

When looking at the social media monitoring sites Social Mention and Addictomatic, I notice some of the brand weaknesses.  The above grab of the Social Mention profile shows that the brand has a little strength within the groundswell.  The 1% that is talking, however, is mostly neutral and positive information.  The fact that this information did NOT CHANGE over the span of a week was also a little shocking. 

Below are the results of a search on Addictomatic for Dove Men+Care social media activity over the past few weeks. To my surprise, there are many and varied social media sites, news sites, image areas, blogs, and feeds where there has been some mention of the Dove Men+Care brand.  After seeing the seemingly poor results from Addictomatic, I was impressed to see that the brand was being mentioned or talked about within other facets of the groundswell.  Seeing all of the places where Dove Men+Care was present made the 1% seem less terrible.


Friends don't let Friends Drunk Tweet: How Social Media Can Bring You Down



(Third Original Post)

A few weeks ago, my roommate and former rowing teammate had to attend a meeting for all spring athletes.  As a past rower, I had been to countless pre-season meetings such as these where the athletic director would talk about displaying good behavior and working hard during the season.

In short, I was sure that she was in for a snooze-fest.

This time, however, was different.  The conversation was about good behavior, but it was centered specifically on social media.

The Clark University athletic department had brought in a young social media specialist to talk to the athletes about the proper use of social media.  In so many words, he spoke about what was good and what could potentially bring you down. (Just ask Michael Phelphs)

Most people remember this picture surfacing just after the 2008 Olympic Games.  Phelps lost millions in endorsements and was shamed within the athletic community... all just because of one picture.

Ten years ago, people may have asked why this would be pertinent to Clark student athletes.  Why would we need to worry about what people say on their personal accounts?  What is the big deal about posting photos or saying what you want online?

In 2013 the answer is simple: nearly everyone is a part of the groundswell…which means that your statements or photos that you post are no longer completely private.

I like to call such negative tweets, or even tweets that are positive but may still get you into trouble, "drunk tweets."  Regardless of whether or not drinking is involved, these "drunk tweets" etc are posted without thinking about the potential repercussions.

What happens when NBA players tweet about games? They get huge fines!

To some, it’s pretty self-explanatory: don’t post anything on your Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or YouTube that you wouldn’t mind sharing… with the world.  And even though privacy settings for social media accounts have certainly been enhanced (Facebook in particular) it’s important to remember that once something is out in the groundswell, it is out there for nearly anyone to access.

 Do you think Rihanna's PR staff were pleased with "party photos" such as these surfaced on her Instagram account?


This lesson is not just one for students, athletes, and celebrities to follow, but businesses as well.

With the word of mouth culture in full swing within the groundswell, employee and corporate statements, photos, and actions can be viewed as a reflection on the company.  Negative tweets=negative reflection... just like Positive tweets or social media usage=Positive reflection!

So long, beloved Afflack duck.  If only you had keep your negative comments to yourself

Unfortunately, some important people have suffered the consequences for inappropriate tweets. One article from Business Insider showcases the famous cases of stupid tweets that got people fired. Another article from Mashable talks about athletes, professional and ammeter  who have been in trouble from their use of social media. 


                                          
California Piza Kitchen employe fired for making a negative comment about his uniform on twitter!

The message that is important to take away from all of this?  Simple: Be careful of what you are posting.  Whether you are a CEO, VP, or the even the company intern, what you say could potentially make a difference.  Just as the public could respond well to a positive comment or reaction, they could also lash out at a negative one.

Dilbert and Social Media: An office environment doing it right... and poking a little fun at the same time :P

Thursday, February 14, 2013

Talking within the Groundswell


(My second reading response post)

There always seems to be someone talking in the groundswell.

“@ThelegendaryKB just had an amazing workout”
“@TheeQueenB522 is tired of slipping on ice #ineedboots #LLBean”
“@PrettyKathy91 looks so awesome in these new jeans #imawesome”

Awesome, but what is this accomplishing?

As a business, creating a steady flow of conversation between customers and the business is a vital aspect to success.  But in the groundswell, conversation is changing.

Instead of speaking with a representative on the phone or speaking face to face (which in some cases is not even an option), customers are sparking conversations about products and services within the groundswell.

This means that businesses need to listen to the conversations that have already started and start their own conversations via social media platforms.

Companies already spend copious amounts of time trying to engage with customers via broadcast television advertisements and print adds.  Li and Bernoff of Groundswell refer to this as shouting at the public, not speaking with them.

I don’t know about you, but I cannot stand being shouted at.

{Now, I realize that we are almost finished with the book, but I really found this chapter interesting… please indulge me in this slight backtrack}

In chapter six of the text, Li and Bernoff focus on how to successfully talk within the groundswell.  They begin with saying that the marketing funnel (“a venerable metaphor that describes how consumers march down the path from awareness to purchase and loyalty”) is broken.  Today people are not as susceptible to the  “shouting” that takes place in the beginning; it is the conversations and connections that are formed in the middle that lead consumers to become customers.



Given that the real action is taking place within the middle, Li and Bernoff have recommended four of the most common and the most effective strategies for talking within the groundswell.

1.YouTube.

First, let’s take a minute and remember that YouTube is not even 10 years old. It  hasn’t even been around for a decade and has already significantly impacted the world of marketing and PR.

Li and Bernoff give the example of Blendtec’s “Will it Blend?” series on YouTube.  This video caught the public’s attention and went viral in a matter of days… sales also increased a whopping 20%.


My example of a company that utilized YouTube well is Old Spice.  In 2010, sales spike 107% after the release of the YouTube videos with the manly old spice man doing seemingly manly things.  Even the products that were slipping in sales saw spikes one actor Isaiah Mustafa showed them on in the TV and Internet adds.  WOW.



2.  Facebook (and other user-generated content sites)
“Creating a personality within social networking sites such as facebook and twitter is one of the simplest ways to extend your brand reach”, says Li and Bernoff.  One of my favorite brands of athletic wear, Lululemon Athletica has a facebook page that I follow.  They are constantly posting photos of new apparel and events they are having.  However, turning these posts into conversation can be hard…
Though I love the brand, they do not necessarily succeed in conversing with customers.  In this example, some customers are expressing negative feelings towards the new Out and About jacket, but Lululemon fails to respond to them.

The original Post
The string of comments

A more successful approach would be to acknowledge the problem and try to address it.  This is a clear attempt at starting conversation, but the people behind the athletic wear company do not follow through.  Their approach of avoiding the issue is an example of what NOT to do in the groundswell.

3.  Blog.
Li and Bernoff also suggest for people within a business to keep a blog as a way of stimulating communication with the public.  To me, Southwest airline’s blog, Nuts About Southwest, is a great example of a successful business blog.


Clearly the blog’s goal is to build a relationship between the customer and the brand.  They combine text, photos, surveys, and other multimedia to keep folks interested and engaged in their brand.  They make Southwest seem like a family brand… way to go!

4. Finally, Create a Community.
The final point Li and Bernoff give us to create a place online where a business can engage with customers.  I loved the example presented in Groundswell of beinggirl.com.  Proctor and Gamble took a clear risk by creating this page, but it definitely paid off.  This website acted as a forum for teenage girls to ask questions about anything in a safe, non-judgmental environment.  P&G successfully created a community where girls can interact with a brand that they can connect too… and then become customers.  By adding subtle advertising and providing free samples to girls, P&G scored big by creating a dialogue within a community that it had previously been excluded from.



The message here is pretty clear- business need to LISTEN and then TALK within the groundswell in order to be successful today.  Li and Bernoff end the chapter with this quote:
            “If we can leave you with one thought about talking with the groundswell, it’s this: the conversation will evolve continuously.  Even as the technologies change, the basic conversational nature of those technologies will remain central.”

Tuesday, February 12, 2013

Social Action on Social Media: One Billion Rising.


{For my second original blog post, I will be focusing on how the non profit V-Day has organized an uprising against violence called One Billion Rising.}

The moth of February has a lot of particular meaning to me.

Not because it marks a slow transition to the “end of winter.”
Or because it gives “legitimate” reasoning for single people to indulge in copious amounts of chocolate.
Or because it gives my boyfriend and I to reason to go on a romantic rock climbing date the 14th.

No, it's for none of these reasons.

The month of February is particularly meaningful because it promotes advocacy and education about violence against women. 

There is plenty I could say about the importance of this issue…but there are others who have already made it their mission to do so.

Eve Ensler, the founder of V-Day, a global non-profit movement to end violence against women, has already made her sentiments known across the globe about how she wishes to end violence against women.  Primarily through annual performances of her play The Vagina Monologues on college campuses nationwide, Eve has helped educate and encourage people every where to take a stand in regards to this important, sometimes overlooked issue. 

 Before I continue though, I bet you are wondering why is this important or even relevant to our class on social media marketing?  Why, aside from my clear passion to educate and advocate for an end to violence, would I bring this up on my blog?

A Message from Eve

Because without social media, V-Day wouldn't be nearly as visible or strong as it is right now.


In other words, Social Media gives the V-Day non-profit a brilliant way to market themselves to the global community.

Here is a brilliant example: Take their newest initiative planned for the 15th anniversary of V-Day: One Billion Rising. In short, One Billion Rising is an invitation to one billion women and those who love them to rise up, walk out, dance, and demand an end to violence. 

The V-Day Twitter Account home

The campaign, however, has primarily taken place within the groundswell.  From the One Billion Rising blog (which you should really check out if you are interested!), the facebook and twitter pages, to posting amateur and PR created videos on YouTube, it has been every day people who have put this campaign together and spread it like wildfire through social media platforms. PEOPLE are the ones who are driving this campaign, not necessarily traditional PR.
Break the Chain Dance performed by the New Light Girls


Why Rosario Dawson will Rise

A One Billion Rising Flashmob that was posted to YouTube

Through social media, people are able to communicate and plan “risings” in their own communities by downloading the official took kit and making their event official.  Online community members can also post when their risings will be held on the facebook page, or even share stories about their thoughts and experiences with violence.  This creation of GLOBAL connections is what has made One Billion Rising as huge as it is. 

The pink V's all represents scheduled risings for this February 14, all of which was planned through the internet and "broadcast" via social media platforms... AMAZING!

Interaction on the One Billion Rising facebook page

Their approach however is not flawless, as I am sure that there are some of you who have not heard of either V-Day or One Billion Rising.
Perhaps the people working in the marketing communications sector of V-Day need to take some tips from Li and Bernoff for working within the groundswell.  For instance, they could refer back to chapter four of Groundswell and re-evaluate their strategy within the groundswell; do they want to energize people, send a more specific message, or encourage online participation in their events?  Maybe they could even benefit from including even more traditional PR-like messages?  (See the video below for an exmaple)

Nevertheless, I feel that One Billion Rising is still an excellent example of how a non-profit has utilized the groundswell to actively educate as well as encourage participation in their 15th anniversary rising.

The official Call to Arms.
Note: this video clip may be upsetting or disturbing to some.  Everyone has a sort of “call to arms” or something they believe in fighting for.  Mine is violence against women.

I hope that with this blog post I have showed you a non-profit truly worth believing in and a snap shot of successful social media marketing strategies… But more importantly, I hope that I have encouraged you to “rise up” this Valentine’s Day and stand up to violence.

Take a line from Taylor Swifts song "Holy Ground" and dance!

Monday, February 4, 2013

Strategies for tapping the groundswell, according to Li and Bernoff.


I believe that Bob Dylan said it best; “The times, they are a-changing”


We are living in a digital world where more connections are made virtually then they are face to face.  Businesses are creating accounts on social media platforms to support their brand rather than printing advertisements in newspapers.  Young professionals are even assisting older business people with the Web 2.0 world.

Even James Bond is getting an update when it comes to his technical staff! A brilliant, young man replaces the old Q with new technical skills for 2012.

And with change, comes a new foundation for thinking and strategizing.  In chapter four of Groundswell, authors Charlene Li and Josh Bernoff talk about how to effectively and efficiently utilize the groundswell.

Though many businesses get caught up in simply being involved in Web 2.0 that they jump into the groundswell headfirst.  I saw this first hand with the company my mom works for.  The small business she works for provides vital medical information to people all over the country.  The business as a whole depends on utilizing the web for important information concerning treatments, PT, and doctor’s ratings.  Creating a presence on twitter and facebook seemed like an excellent idea… except for when they did not think about the potential repercussions of going in without a concrete strategy.  The boss felt anxious that the company did not have a social media presence and wanted to act fast.  Little did he know that his scrappily put together facebook page would have resulted in negative comments from users…

According to Li and Bernoff, my mom’s boss experienced what they coined as groundswell approach-avoidance syndrome.  Symptoms of this syndrome include, “strong and sometimes obsessive interest in social media sites, checking mega blogs multiple times a day to make sure you are in the loop with the most up to date social media trends, and anxiety at the thought of actually participating in social technologies.”

In short, business people should not force themselves into the groundswell to soon; Li and Bernoff note, “If you don’t enter the groundswell with a specific goal, you will FAIL.”

The best course of action then is to make a plan!  Li and Bernoff suggest making a plan based on the POST method; People, Objectives, Strategy, and Technology.  Before diving into Web 2.0, use the acronym POSR and ask yourself…
People- What are my customers ready for?
Objectives- What do I want to accomplish?
Strategy- How do I want the relationship with my customers to change?
Technology- What applications should I build or utilize to make this change?


Creating the framework, or basic plan, is just one step towards entering the groundswell.  Businesses who take the time to then clearly define their said objectives will as a giant leap in the direction of successfully utilizing the groundswell.  Li and Bernoff suggest that companies align themselves with one of these five objectives that best describes their desired objective: Listening, Talking, Energizing, Supporting, and Embracing.

This summer, members of the Olympics marketing team had a large presence in the groundswell.  As an athlete and a fan of nearly all athletics, I definitely tuned into the games via television as well as interacted with the Olympics via social media platforms.  Unlike my mom’s company, the Olympics clearly had a strategy before interacting with the groundswell- facilitating user interaction as well as creating hype and excitement before, during, and after the games… as well as promotion for the winter 2014 games in Switzerland.

Current Olympic tweets.  Link are included for people to
read. Hopefully users will comment, re-tweet, and begin a
conversation about the up and coming games in the twitter world.

The Current Olympics Twitter Home


On each of the social media platforms they used (mainly facebook, twitter, and instagram) they promoted the games and gave users a chance to comment on photos, post opinions and thoughts about events, answer daily Olympic trivia, and create photo captions.


Current Olympics Facebook page




Facebook wall from the summer games in London. Users have liked, shared, and commented on posts which created some online hype about the games.



I personally thought that they successfully utilized twitter, facebook and instagram to energize, inform, and facilitate user interaction with all things Olympics. If they had not made a thought out plan and decided what they wanted to use the groundswell for, then this may not have been as successful.  I will definitely bookmark chapter four as on of the most important lessons Li and Bernoff can teach us about utilizing the groundswell.

Interesting article on Instagram during the 2012 Summer Olympic games